According to the above literature reports, we constructed the vitro ESCC tumor models and designed relevant experiments, the results showed that after knocking down the expression of HMGB1 and adding PMA, the expression level of IDO was significantly changed, while HMGB1 level increased only slightly, which may be due to the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway to induce the expression of HMGB1 receptor, and then promote the expression of HMGB1 (37). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.