APOE and Alzheimer disease: The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is recognized as a significant risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s Disease due to its association with astrocytic/microglia activation and alterations of vascular mural cells leading to endothelial disruption and decreased amyloid clearance (van Dijk et al., 2007; Viticchi et al., 2014; Yamazaki et al., 2021).