TNF and colonic neoplasm: Additionally, Callejaset al[147] reported that theT. crassiceps ESPs reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-33, and IL-17, and significantly suppressed colon carcinogenesis in the colitis-associated colon cancer mice model, which might be related to the inhibition of the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.