In this regard, EspH joins a list of bacterial effector proteins shown to bind multiple host Rabs.33–40 The ability of EspH to bind these Rabs at different time points of infection and precipitate them from cell lysates (Figure S12) suggests that the binding is firm and occurs even at an early infection phase, an idea consistent with reports for other effector-Rab interactions.32,38 The mechanism by which EspH affects the host Rabs remains unknown. Here, AGFG1 is linked to infection.