Furthermore, consistent with our observation by non-invasive test in the FD-MASLD cohort, the presence of significant/advanced fibrosis (Fibrosis stage ≥2) was significantly increased in H. pylori-positive infection with G-allele PNPLA3 (61%), versus in H. pylori-negative infection with G-allele PNPLA3 (39%), H. pylori-positive infection without G-allele PNPLA3 (17%), and H. pylori-negative status without G-allele PNPLA3 (6%) (p: 0.001) (Fig 6B). The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is infection.