Activation of glutamine metabolism provides protection to AML cells during times of extreme stress following treatment, indicating the potential to disrupt glutamine metabolism in order to eradicate persistent AML cells.[74] The coordination of serine synthesis and catabolism, as well as purine and pyrimidine synthesis by the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3, is pivotal in supporting AML cell cycling, survival, and differentiation blockade. Here, ATF3 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.