TLR4 and diabetic kidney disease: High glucose activates TLR4, which activates NF-κB through a series of signal transduction pathways, promotes the expression of inflammatory factor-related genes, increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1, and aggravates renal inflammatory damage.[8–10] Many active ingredients or effective components of traditional Chinese medicines can inhibit the TLR4-NF-κB pathway and antagonize the inflammatory damage in DKD kidneys.