Further, high IDO1 expression has been associated with the occurrence of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, as well as rectal, ovarian, endometrial, lung, and other cancers.[9] Nonetheless, the precise function of IDO1 within the context of cervical cancer remains elusive. Here, IDO1 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.