The phase I/IIa clinical trials are demonstrating that CARCIK-CD19 cells (utilizing a third generation anti-CD19 CAR equipped with CD28 and OX40 domains) can expand and persist in vivo in B-ALL patients and achieve anti-leukemic activity without severe toxicities (FT01CARCIK and FT03CARCIK; Eudract n. Here, CD19 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.