CD28 and neoplasm: In this study, we compared three approaches to improve the anti-tumor efficacy and specificity of CIK cells against CD19+ neoplastic targets: the addition of blinatumomab to unmodified CIKs or genetically modifying CIKs using transposons with two different anti-CD19 CARs carrying different spacer and costimulatory modules, CAR-MNZ (CH2-CH3 spacer and CD28-OX40) [24] and CAR-BG2 (CD8 spacer and 4-1BB) [27].