EPCAM and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Result shows HIF-3α and EpCAM is co-localized in the COPD lungs (Figure 3C) and in the “COPD” mice (Figure S4) (i.e. mice exposed to CS for six months 18-20, the H&E staining and spirometry test of “COPD” mice were shown in (Figure S5).