In a previous study, we identified aas 1‒46 of ESM1 as crucial for the association with the extracellular domain of the EGFR and developed two peptide fragments of ESM1, including 1‒27 (peptide 1) and 26‒46 aas (peptide 2) (Figure 6D), to block the interaction of ESM1 and EGFR in lung cancer cells 17. Here, EGFR is linked to lung cancer.