PGC-1α, as a co-stimulator of PPARα, can stimulate the synthesis of mitochondrial enzymes, improve mitochondrial function, promote the decomposition of fatty acids in the podocytes of DKD patients, and at the same time reduce the accumulation of triglycerides, alleviating hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients 43. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.