TNF and vitiligo: Recent research has demonstrated increased rates of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in vitiligo patients, postulating that the proinflammatory mediators implicated in vitiligo, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6, also contribute to the development of CVD.2, 3, 4 Our findings align with this hypothesis, as the SNPs and enriched pathways driving this relationship are primarily involved in cell signaling, immunity, and inflammation.