A growing number of clinical trials are demonstrating the value of CAR-T cells in solid tumours, and several promising targets for CAR-T therapy have been identified in HCC, including GPC3, AFP, NKG2DL (NK group 2 member D ligand), MUC1, CD147, HBV surface protein and c-MET.[115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120] Currently, most CAR-T cell therapies for HCC are directed at GPC3, due to the favourable combination of high expression in HCC with limited expression in other tissues, including normal and cirrhotic liver. This evidence concerns the gene BSG and hepatocellular carcinoma.