In the single-arm CheckMate 040 trial, ORR and OS were higher in patients with tumour PD-L1 expression ≥1%, particularly in the sorafenib-experienced group [110] but in randomised trials, including CheckMate 459, IMbrave 150 and HIMALAYA,[71], [77], [96] there was no additional survival benefit for those with tumour PD-L1 expression ≥1%. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.