AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: A growing number of clinical trials are demonstrating the value of CAR-T cells in solid tumours, and several promising targets for CAR-T therapy have been identified in HCC, including GPC3, AFP, NKG2DL (NK group 2 member D ligand), MUC1, CD147, HBV surface protein and c-MET.[115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120] Currently, most CAR-T cell therapies for HCC are directed at GPC3, due to the favourable combination of high expression in HCC with limited expression in other tissues, including normal and cirrhotic liver.