HSPA9 and infection: This fluctuation contrasts with certain HSP70 isoforms, where several are upregulated (e.g., HSPA1L, HSPA2, HSPA5, HSPA9, HSPA12, and HSPA13), while others from the HSP70 family are downregulated post-peak infection phase (Chand, Iyer & Mitra, 2021).