In the high-fat diet(HFD)/STZ-induced T2DM rats model, calycosin treatment decreased ROS, MDA, and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) levels, while elevated Nrf2 and TAC levels recovered mitochondrial viability and mitochondrial respiration dysfunction, indicating its potential for alleviating oxidative stress [82–84]. This evidence concerns the gene TXNIP and type 2 diabetes mellitus.