Furthermore, it has been reported that metformin can potentiate anti-tumor immunity by inducing the reduction of tumor hypoxia [14], and via activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)/p62 axis in tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells [15]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.