IPA was found to be decreased in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) leading to deficits in social interaction and cognitive memory.159 Mechanistically, IPA restores inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampal region by activating the ERK1 signaling pathway, which is encoded by the MAPK3 gene located within the 16p11.2 chromosomal region.159. Here, MAPK3 is linked to autism spectrum disorder.