INS and Insulin resistance: As expected, HFD feeding increased adiposity (ND-fed rats 558 ± 24 g vs HFD-fed rats 630 ± 15 g, P < 0.05) and induced insulin resistance as evidenced by higher insulin levels (ND-fed rats 5.4 ± 0.5 ng/mL vs HFD-fed rats 5.8 ± 1.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and HOMA index (ND-fed rats 1.3 ± 0.1 vs HFD-fed rats 1.5 ± 0.3 P < 0.05).