MX1 and HIV infectious disease: IL-27 has been reported to induce ISGs like PKR, IFITMs, MX1/2, and RSAD2 in macrophages during CHIKV infection (62), BST2 in human monocytes and CD4 T cells during HIV infection (71), and GBP1, IFIT2, IFITM1, ISG15, MX1, OAS2, and viperin in human macrophages stimulated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the absence of IFNs (70).