IL-27 treatment activates STAT1 as early as 10 minutes post-treatment in hepatic stellate cells (72) and STAT1/3 within 20 minutes in HeLa and glioblastoma cells before any protein synthesis kicks in, further validating IFN-independent activity, via pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 (65). The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is glioblastoma.