Further, PITAR and TRIM28 induction by DNA damage is dependent on ATM/ATR kinase as the pretreatment of glioma cells with CGK733, a small molecule inhibitor of ATM/ATR kinase, prevented the adriamycin-mediated induction of PITAR and TRIM28 transcript levels (Figure 6—figure supplement 1B) and TRIM28 protein level (Figure 6—figure supplement 1C) thus reiterating the importance of ATM/ATR kinases, as previously demonstrated (Tibbetts et al., 1999; Cheng and Chen, 2010), in DNA damage response pathway. The gene discussed is ATM; the disease is central nervous system cancer.