AKT1 and osteoporosis: In terms of bone and joint protection, the mechanisms of the protective effects on osteoporosis or osteoarticular disease involve regulation of the signaling of caspase-3/9, Bax/Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Glo1-AGE-RAGE, AKT/Erk, and NF-κB signaling.