REN and Hypokalemia: In cases of highly probable PA, suspected on the basis of: hypokalemia, an undetectable renin, and plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) > 550 pmol/L (>20 ng/dL), confirmatory testing can be bypassed according to the Endocrine Society guidelines, the French Society of Endocrinology, and the Japanese Endocrine Society [8, 14, 15].