NLRP3 and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: NLRP3, also known as Cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1 protein (CIAS1), cryopyrin, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NALP3), was initially discovered for its role in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) (Hoffman et al., 2001).