Notably, the clinical use of canakinumab, an anti-IL-1β agent, has shown significant promise, as it reduced the incidence of lung cancer in patients with atherosclerosis, providing a robust clinical validation of the critical role of NLRP3 and IL-1β in cancer pathophysiology (Ridker et al., 2017b). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is atherosclerosis.