A similar result has been reported in rainbow trout (14) and Nile tilapia (79), where stimulation with poly I:C induces the expression of cxcl10. Furthermore, it was observed that IPNV infection of SHK-1 cells also resulted in increased expression of all chemokines and CXCR3, which contrasts with other studies conducted in rainbow trout ovary after in vivo and in vitro infections (16); this discrepancy may be due to the specific organ, as no viral replication of IPNV has been detected in the ovary of rainbow trout (16). Here, CXCR3 is linked to infection.