However, the experimental detection of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells within tumors and in infection profiles of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Epstein-Barr virus strongly supports the notion that HLA-E also participates in adaptive immune responses (15). The gene discussed is HLA-E; the disease is infection.