The strategy involves the repression of the proliferation signaling pathways (mediated by β1-integrin, uPAR, ERK and Src kinases), the induction of intrinsic dormancy factors, such as the kinases DYRK1A and p38 MAPK, or extrinsic signals produced by the pre-metastatic dormant niche, including GAS6, TGF-β2, BMP4 and 7 and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which is currently being evaluated in a clinical trial for the therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (NCT03572387) (8). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.