CCL2 and cancer: Several studies point to the ability of tumor derived EVs (TDEVs) to condition MSCs and stromal cells to release in the microenvironment pro-tumorigenic signals, such as interleukins (ILs) 6 and 8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), to stimulate angiogenesis and immune suppression, and then supporting cancer cell proliferation and survival (23, 42).