In NAFLD model mice, macrophage-specific PPAR-γ deficiency leads to enhanced metabolic activation of macrophages, which promote the migration and activation of HSCs through the secretion of IL-1β and CCL2, thereby exacerbating the progression of NASH (Ni X. X. et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.