TH and ischemia: For example, in P21 rat pups (toddler age in humans), after 60 min of hypoxia-ischemia, some cells showed DNA degradation by 10 h after hypoxia, with cortical necrosis at 24 h, whereas after 15 min of hypoxia-ischemia selective neuronal apoptosis only developed after 3 to 5 days.8 Consistent with this observation, TH is more protective after milder hypoxia-ischemia at P7.9 Similarly, in 7day old rat pups, TH was found to be neuroprotective up to 3 h after 90 min of hypoxia-ischemia but not after more prolonged HIE.10 These findings are consistent with data in adult rodents.