MTOR and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: For example, the bone morphogenetic protein-7 cascade represses the expression of Nek7, GBP5, and TLR4, eventually inhibiting NLRP3.458 Metformin can activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway, thereby improving cell autophagy and disrupting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.459 Similarly, berberine suppresses NLRP3 by disturbing mTOR/mtROS.460 Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi, a Chinese herbal medicine, and pomegranate peel extract exhibit cardioprotective potential through NLRP3 inhibition.461,462 GSDMD is also a target for DCM treatment.