Mechanically, cold exposure decreased the abundance of A. muciniphila, further causing augmented TMAO in plasma and TMAO-mediated atrial pyroptosis, which resulted in atrial structural remodeling and atrial fibrillation.287 According to a new study, the extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) carrying LncRNA XIST attenuated myocardial cell pyroptosis in atrial fibrillation via blocking miR-214-3p-mediated Arl2 inhibition.288. This evidence concerns the gene ARL2 and atrial fibrillation.