CASP3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Xie et al. developed inhaled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous microspheres loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and decitabine (DAC), which resulted in elevated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and promotion of cell pyroptosis.363 Additionally, two self-assembling protein nanotoxins, T22-DITOX-H6 and T22-PE24-H6, were designed to target chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and to promote caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis.364 Hu et al. reported a delivery strategy using arsenic trioxide nanoparticles (As2O3-NPs) for HCC treatment.