PADI4 and diabetes mellitus: Cl-amidine has been a recently explored PAD inhibitor, used in a variety of inflammatory disease models, including lupus, diabetes, and endometritis.458,617,618 Shen et al. demonstrated the utility of inhibiting PAD4-mediated NET formation with Cl-amidine as a means of preventing diabetes development.458 In their study, Cl-amidine was administered orally at a dose of 5μg/g, resulting in a delay in onset, decreased disease incidence, and decreased type 1 diabetes-associated antibodies, which was simultaneously associated with a reduction in serum NET markers.