CD4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, NETs contribute to the establishment of a protumorigenic inflammatory environment, promoting the progression of HCC in MASH.480 Recent study suggests that NETs play a crucial role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity by promoting Treg differentiation through metabolic reprogramming of naïve CD4+ T cells in MASH,39 thereby fostering an immunosuppressive environment for MASH-HCC initiation.