CD4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Our recent finding indicates that accumulated NETs can cause extensive hepatocyte damage and establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment for premalignant hepatocytes and cancer cell survival by promoting Treg activity,39 thereby facilitating the initiation and development of HCC.480 Inhibiting NETs may reduce the number and suppressive function of Treg and enhance the cytotoxicity of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thus preventing tumor progression.