ASPA and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: We then experimentally demonstrated the protein levels of ASPA were significantly upregulated in quadriceps and gastrocnemius of symptomatic SOD1-G93A ALS mice (Fig. 4D, E; Supplementary Fig. 5A, C) in parallel with high levels of the ATGL and HSL lipases (Fig. 4F, G; Supplementary Fig. 5B, D), which are consistent with the well-known metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative fibers in these muscles during ALS disease [18, 19].