GPER1 and Alzheimer disease: Similarly, GPER1 (G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor 1) was exclusively upregulated in early AD, which is consistent with the findings of Oveisgharan et al. (2023), who have found the DNA methylation of it to be associated with core AD pathology like cognitive decline and tau-tangle density in females, which is also consistent with the SEA-AD data which have more female subjects in general, in addition to the observations in Sato et al. (2023) where it is touted to be associated with synaptic efficacy.