NPAS3 and substance abuse: We identified seven genes, SON, EZH2, SOX5, BCL11B, NFIB, ATRX, and TET1, some of which are known markers of intellectual disability (Stevenson, 2000; Gibson et al., 2012; Lamb et al., 2012; Schanze et al., 2013, 2018; Tokita et al., 2016) or target genes that are markers of neuroinflammation such as GFAP (Azzolini et al., 2022) or are associated with other neurodegenerative diseases like schizophrenia, AD itself, or substance abuse, like SGCZ, SPOCK2, SPOCK3, and NPAS3 (Kamnasaran et al., 2003; O’Brown et al., 2023; T. Wang et al., 2017).