In our literature review of published reports and epidemiologic studies of muscular dystrophy or myotonic dystrophy and cancer (eMethods and eTable 2), we observed an overrepresentation of sarcomas in patients with cancer and DMD (9/23 [39%], as compared with a sarcoma proportion of 0.7% among all cancers, according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results29). This evidence concerns the gene DMD and muscular dystrophy.