CCR5 and neoplasm: This study showed that TGF-β-TRAP modulates CAF heterogeneity, counteracts a-PD-1–induced T cell exhaustion, enhances cytotoxic effector T cell infiltration, suppresses granulocyte degranulation and CD4+ T cell response to granulocyte degranulation signals, and modulates ligand-receptor signaling, particularly the CCL5/CCR5 axis and costimulatory/checkpoint signaling from CAFs and myeloid cells, all preferentially in the tumor model with a liver metastasis tropism.