Other drawbacks of anti-TNF biologics include increased risk for the development of opportunistic infections (for instance, latent tuberculosis reactivation), immunogenicity that may result in anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation and progressive efficacy loss, induction of autoantibodies (including antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA) that may trigger autoimmune conditions in rare cases, and potentially higher risk for specific malignancies (such as lymphomas) (Atzeni et al., 2013; Kalliolias and Ivashkiv, 2016). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Opportunistic infection.