Both animal models and clinical studies demonstrate an increased inflammatory milieu associated with depression, including increased levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa), and interferon-gamma (IFN-g) (Su et al., 2019; Osimo et al., 2020; Das et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and depressive disorder.