PTBP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Upon glucose stimulation of β cells, PTBP1 undergoes nucleocytoplasmic translocation, where cytoplasmic PTBP1 binds to and stabilizes mRNAs encoding proteins associated with secretory granules (SGs), consequently increasing translation.[11, 37] Notably, nuclear PTBP1 levels decrease in stimulated nondiabetic islets but remain unaltered in T2DM islets.