The full-body skeletal preparations on E18.5 Grhl3Cre/+;Tfap2cΔ/- cKO embryos with NTDs showed that consistent with their gross appearance, the lesion of spina bifida was significantly lower compared with that of Grhl3-null, Grhl3Δ/-;Tfap2aCre/+ cKO and Grhl3Δ/-;Tfap2cCre/+ cKO mice, with the first SVP identified at T12 or T13 (Figs. S4D–E). The gene discussed is GRHL3; the disease is spina bifida.