IL6 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Similarly, studies on ALI/ARDS post-surgery reported favorable outcomes with sivelestat, including reduced pneumonia incidence, shorter mechanical ventilation duration, decreased bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, improved oxygenation index, and lower IL-6 levels [31,32].While supplemental oxygen therapy is crucial for ARDS, especially in COVID-19-related cases where HFNC is widely favored clinically, our study similarly found higher survival rates with HFNC use [33].