VEGFA and neoplasm: Tumor angiogenesis plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis, migration, and growth of solid tumors such as GBM, involving the upregulation of proangiogenic growth factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Seyedmirzaei et al., 2021), which indicates the potential value of treatments targeting tumor vasculature (McGee et al., 2010).