Gene panels involving SFRP1, SOX9, FHIT, CDH1, PMF1, RUNX3, LAMC2, RASSF1A, TWIST1, NID2, and RBBP8 have demonstrated relevance in BC pathophysiology, making these methylated targets predictive indicators of patient prognosis and treatment outcomes (Mijnes et al., 2018; Mohanad et al., 2022; Kandimalla et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TWIST1 and breast cancer.