INS and diabetes mellitus: In the past, insulin was considered the last step in the therapeutic plan for patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM).(Swinnen et al., 2009) The potential disadvantages of lowering blood glucose, causing pain, increasing weight, and requiring strict adherence to therapy often delay the introduction of insulin for type-2 DM.(Nakar et al., 2007, Polonsky et al., 2005) However, this approach has changed.