The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines for managing type-2 DM emphasize an individualized approach.(Davies et al., 2022) They recommend using insulin therapy in combination with other hypoglycemic agents such as metformin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) after a failed trial. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.