TNF and neoplasm: Furthermore, significantly elevated TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were observed in the S3I-201 and WJ-Exo(S3I-201) groups following tumor lysate stimulation compared to the DMSO group (p value < 0.0001), but no significant changes were noted between the DMSO and WJ-Exo groups under tumor lysate and PHA stimulation (Fig. 8B-E).