In swine, following an experimental infection with IAV, virus clearance is associated with the emergence of IAV-specific T and B cell immunity including the presence of IAV-specific CD8 T cells producing both IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the airways, as well as neutralizing antibodies in serum and lung fluids (Edmans et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.