Homozygous p.N264K substitution has also been shown to reduce the trypanolytic function of APOL1 in vivo,32 and recently, Hung et al.33 reported that p.N264K attenuates the association of APOL1 HRG with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in a cross-sectional analysis of 121,492 participants of African ancestry from the Million Veteran Program and replicated these findings in the Vanderbilt BioVU biobank. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.