Nonetheless, the hyperactivation of nNOS within neuronal environments can precipitate oxidative stress and free radical accumulation, culminating in neurotoxicity implicated in the neuronal death observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury (Yu et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2010; Yin et al., 2013; Favié et al., 2018; Qu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022). Here, NOS1 is linked to psychiatric disorder.