ALDH2 and Cognitive impairment: Knocking out the ALDH2 gene or overexpressing the inactive allele has been shown to induce cognitive impairment in mice, with increased 4-HNE deposition, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tau phosphorylation, and glial cells activation in mouse brain (Ohsawa et al., 2008; D’Souza et al., 2015; Knopp et al., 2020).