Inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have become critical therapies for various cancers, with PD-1 inhibitors such as Pembrolizumab showing favorable survival outcomes in patients with urothelial carcinoma (101), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (102), and melanoma (103). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.