The effects of ROS may also be mediated by activating transcription factors, namely the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which releases cytokines that are proinflammatory, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and hastens the development of liver diseases (22–24). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is liver disorder.